www.afana.org

On its website, the Academic Film Archive of North America defines academic film: “Of the over 100,000 educational films made in North America between the early 1900s and approximately 1985, many of the best were in the subject fields of art, history, social science, literature, and science. These we refer to as academic film, as opposed to those made in health, safety, civics, and other non-academic educational subject areas.”¹ Many of these videos link directly to the Internet Archive. This is an interesting site for educators and historians.

www.actuporalhistory.org/interviews/index.html

On its website, ACT UP New York describes the organization: “ACT UP is a diverse, non-partisan group of individuals united in anger and committed to direct action to end the AIDS crisis.”² The ACT UP Oral History Project website offers archival interviews with activists and individuals involved in the ACT UP movement from 2002 to the present.

library.duke.edu/digitalcollections/adviews

AdViews is a collaborative project at Duke University between the Digital Collections program; the Hartman Center for Sales, Advertising and Marketing History; and a number of other groups. Its website offers thousands of television commercials created or collected by the D’Arcy Masius Benton & Bowles (DMB&B) advertising agency, dated from the 1950s through the 1980s. Videos are hosted and available for download from the Internet Archive, though I recommend using the library’s Digital Collections site to browse for content. Users can search for content and narrow down searches with a variety of categories, including brand and year. The content on this site can be used for a wide audience and many fields of discipline, including marketing, communication, and history.

americanrhetoric.com

The American Rhetoric site makes material available “in the effort to advance understanding of political, social, and religious issues as they relate to the study and practice of . . . rhetoric and public address . . . deemed relevant to the public interest and [the promotion of] . . . civic discourse.”³ Text transcripts and audio downloads are available for some of the video content. Content is geared towards middle and high school and higher education, but there are advertisements.

americantheatrewing.org

The American Theatre Wing Archive provides over 800 hours of archival footage relating to the American theatre and Broadway.

www.archaeologychannel.org

Run by the Archaeological Legacy Institute and focused on a narrow subject area, the Archaeology Channel is able to provide valuable and interesting video content to newcomers and to people with a long-standing interest in archaeology. Films include explanations of the history, importance, and excavation of various historical and prehistorical archaeological sites both in the United States and abroad. Each video appears with links to online scholarly and popular content related to the particular archeological site being investigated.

www.emmytvlegends.org

The Academy of Television Arts and Sciences Foundation’s Archive of American Television has produced hundreds of video interviews with TV’s greatest pioneers and legends. These are full-life histories starting with early influences and ending with current work and advice to aspiring professionals. Videos are hosted on YouTube, so they have functionality for sharing and embedding.

www.arkive.org

ARKive is a publicly funded digital library focusing on endangered species and aimed at the general public as well as conservationists. ARKive’s core mission is to promote the conservation and study of the world’s animal, marine, plant, and fungi environments and their threatened species by providing high-quality multimedia in a free, easily accessible digital repository.⁴ Powerful imagery, video, educational resources, and digital mass communication tools are the focus of its initiative. ARKive is approachable from the perspectives of all ages and all technical and scientific backgrounds.

The goal and overall mission of ARKive is to include and promote the conservation of all species on the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Endangered Species. Created by the Wildscreen Trust, a charitable foundation based in the United Kingdom and United States, the ARKive initiative relies on many partnerships and sponsorships to create, maintain, and publish its content. The principal sponsor is the Environmental Agency of Abu Dhabi. The many sponsors include HSBC, Bank of America Merrill Lynch, and the British Council. Technical and media partnerships include Hewlett Packard, the Smithsonian Institution, London’s Natural History Museum, World Wildlife Fund, and the BBC. There are over 70,000 images and videos, over 5,000 media donors (including BBC, National Geographic, and Discovery), and content and research partners such as the Smithsonian and the Natural History Museum, London.⁵

Let’s talk about usability. There are multiple avenues on the site for user browsing (see figure 3.1). ARKive’s search functionality is in a single search box, and searches can be narrowed down by format (image or video) or species. While the search capabilities are adequate, an advanced search function would be a welcome enhancement. Navigation is based on a “bread-crumb trail” of pages. Certainly helpful, but a user often has to back up to return to a navigation screen. ARKive provides an alphabetical list of species by scientific and common names, as well as a “top 50 species” listing. An Explore ARKive mouseover option is available, allowing a user to browse by species groups, eco-regions, topics, geography, conservation status, “by-age” educational resources, games, tools, applications, lesson plans, and Google Earth. ARKive has a partnership with Google Earth to place the species and their associated multimedia in a geographical context.⁶

The membership component, MyARKive, allows users to create playlists of content, save images and video, share, and personalize the content. ARKive’s partnerships and content producers are reputable. The research and multimedia content are of high quality and consistent. There are options to share the resources to various Web 2.0 and social media tools, but ARKive does not provide embed code.

The site is organized by species topic pages. On each species page is a text entry with facts, embedded references, citations, threats, and definitions. The text resources are easy to navigate while the video or images are playing or explored. The streamed video files are Adobe Flash, but there are options to download in QuickTime and Windows Media formats. All content—images, video, text, and audio—is hosted by ARKive’s servers. ARKive’s technical partnership was with Hewlett Packard. Specifically, HP Labs collaborated with Wildscreen Trust to design and develop ARKive as part of HP Labs’ Digital Media Systems program. HP developed a media production system for digitizing, cataloging, and tracking media assets and a media vault with storage capacity around 74 terabytes. Wildscreen Trust used commercial tools to develop the ARKive websites. The media production system digitizes media to the highest quality available without compression. The media vault is used for storage, management, transcoding, and preservation of digital media and corresponding metadata.⁷

As part of the overall project, ARKive is committed to preserving the media assets, which provides a high level of reliability for educators. It is helpful to know that these assets are being maintained for long-term use. The media vault is an open platform for storing and managing the high-quality media assets for preservation. A system of duplication, backup, and migration is in place, as well as services to re-encode media as preservation standards evolve over time. The encoding services provided by the media production system embed copyright information on the distributed media automatically in the form of a visual attribution to the donor and invisible information to enable tracking of the media.⁸

Wildscreen Trust relied on a staff of media researchers to hand catalog and create descriptive metadata regarding the content, subject, and provenance of the media. The content is verified by subject matter experts, and the cataloging structure is defined by Wildscreen in consultation with other natural history experts. Some technical metadata is captured automatically during ingest or edit of the media asset by the systems HP Labs created.⁹

One of the project’s technology partners is 3C Research, which supports and develops a system of Intelligent Content Based Retrieval (ICBR). ICBR’s focus is on facial and gait recognition of wildlife, which would allow multimedia and images to be cataloged automatically by an algorithm that recognizes the animal’s facial features and movements.¹⁰ With these possibilities and future technologies, ARKive has the roots to branch further into complex and interesting mobile applications, as well as to continue to develop its virtual interface, preservation, and wildlife conservation efforts.

www.artbabble.org

ArtBabble was created in 2009 by the Indianapolis Museum of Art (IMA) with a mission to provide a collaborative online video platform for art content. ArtBabble is a high-quality showcase from various museum partners to bring topics surrounding art, exhibits, and artists to a wider audience. The site and its content are approachable, yet authoritative. A novice in artistic appreciation, criticism, and creation is a welcome viewer, as are professionals and specialists in the field. At the core of ArtBabble are the partners and the unique content they created spotlighting the art, artists, and exhibitions, as well as the community developed around them.

At its launch in 2009, ArtBabble had six museum partners and 150 videos. Currently, it has fifty museum and cultural institution partners.¹¹ A small selection of ArtBabble’s partners includes the Smithsonian American Art Museum, the Metropolitan Museum of Art, the Museum of Modern Art, and the National Gallery of Art, plus global partners such as the Van Gogh Museum (Amsterdam) and the Prado Museum (Spain).

ArtBabble is an excellent example of a collection adeptly managing barriers to access. Heather Nodler’s article “A Haystack Full of Needles: Scholarly Access Challenges in Museum Video Archives” lists five barriers to access.¹²

The first barrier is the nature of video itself. Managing streaming video files, format migration, the storage needed for large amounts of video data, and conversion of analog to digital are challenges and can quickly slow down a site’s progression, time management, and growth. To better manage these challenges, ArtBabble relies on its partners to create, migrate, upload, and provide metadata (tags) for their videos.¹³ On the back end, ArtBabble outsources the hosting and server maintenance by using Vimeo, YouTube, and Brightcove, so that the videos are stored and accessed in the cloud.¹⁴ There are some downsides to managing a collection this way. First, relying on the cloud can be risky, but for services that rely on a third party, downtime of a server is a known risk. Also, since these hosting sites vary in functionality, options for sharing, embedding, and downloading these videos can vary. A second downside can be the partners themselves. Very often, it is a large undertaking for the partners to create the exhibit, learning objects, and videos, so assigning subject categories, metadata, and tags can be rushed or limited. It is the role of ArtBabble to monitor and approve the organization and consistency of the terms assigned to the videos.¹⁵ The videos also have an option for closed captioning and provide a time-coded transcription. There is an option for permalinks for each video and suggested relevant video content.

The second barrier to access noted by Nodler is scholar attitudes. By relying on the partners, ArtBabble has a ready-made community of scholars, curators, and artists. The videos available on the site are heavily curated, and content is chosen by partner institutions. This is both positive and negative. Not just anyone can upload content, so the audience voice and reactions are limited to comments. By limiting who can upload, the site ensures that all content there is seen as authoritative and reliable because it is created by the scholarly community surrounding the art and artists.

The third barrier is rights management for video. ArtBabble relies on partners to manage any rights and licensing issues (such as video releases and image use) on their end, so what is available on the site has Creative Commons licenses. Partner credit is given on all individual videos.

The fourth barrier is retrieval issues surrounding video-specific information. Searching for and retrieving videos is different from the process for text. Different ways of labeling, categorizing, and tagging videos will bring different results. Think about the image of an artist painting blue on a canvas. How many different ways can this be imagined or defined? Therefore, how many different ways can this be found in a search engine? Each word has a different representation and personal interpretation. Who is the artist? How would you define the color? What type of paint? What type of canvas? Cotton or linen? Stretched or oil-primed?

ArtBabble organizes its content with these challenges in mind, and it created browsable directories and indexes based on the metadata of the videos. As mentioned, the organization is important to the subject matter, especially art, as it relies on visual identification, mood, and medium. ArtBabble identified meta-theme categories to index and search at the top of the website: Themes, Medium, Period & Style, Location, People, and More (see figure 3.2). More includes indexes based on Museum Practice, Video Type, and Language. There is a basic keyword search box, as well as portal pages to Partner Channels (with direct links to the institution’s videos) and For Educators (which includes tips for using ArtBabble in lesson plans and curriculum). At a secondary level, there are facets for additional navigation and browsing capabilities.

Nodler’s final barrier is treating video like text and the challenges of presenting the context of the video. Is ArtBabble advertising the exhibit, the artist, or the museum? How do the videos fit into their context but also avoid being dated? This all varies depending on why the video was created and its focus. Overall, ArtBabble is a great resource for learning more about art, artists, technique, and some of the most famous museums in the world, and it is an interesting model not only in showcasing some of the great things being done with online video, but also in showing the challenges surrounding all video content.

www.britishpathe.com

Free registration allows researchers to download clips from the 3,500-hour British Pathe Film Archive. The archive covers news, sports, social history, and entertainment from 1896 to 1970. There are additional fees for further use and licensing.

www.cnettv.com/?tag=vidlib

CNET’s easily searchable and browsable video library includes helpful technology reviews (gadgets, software, and even cars) and how-tos as well as music videos and original CNET-TV programming. Excellent videos combined with a sleek user interface make this a fun and engaging resource for consumer technology.

All About Birds—www.allaboutbirds.org

The Macaulay Library—www.birds.cornell.edu/MacaulayLibrary

All About Birds and the Macaulay Library both provide access to audio and video recordings of bird species and habitats. All About Birds offers live webcams during nesting and bird feeder seasons, as well as opportunities for users to chat with specialists. The site also allows users to search and browse in a variety of ways: by taxonomy and name, but also by shape, which focuses on the visual identification of the birds. Each species entry provides links to resources, such as identification and behavior information, life history, sounds, and videos. Videos are hosted on a YouTube One channel, so there is a great deal of functionality for sharing and embedding these resources. The lab relies on citizen science initiatives that maintain and build the resources found on the site.¹⁶

The Macaulay Library describes itself as “the world’s oldest and largest scientific archive of biodiversity audio and video recordings.”¹⁷ Its mission “is to collect and preserve recordings of each species’ behavior and natural history and to make them available for research, education, conservation, zoos and aquaria, wildlife managers, publishers, the arts, and both public and commercial media. Since 1930, recordists have contributed recordings, which now number to several hundred thousand in total. A large percentage of the recordings can be searched and played online.”¹⁸ An advanced search allows users to find recordings by location, recordist, catalog number, species, sex, and behaviors. “The Library also provides services for consultation, custom compilations, and professionally edited versions of its assets [for a fee].”¹⁹ In addition, the library provides citation and use instructions for educators and researchers accessing or documenting the collection and recordings.

www.crackle.com

Crackle, a Sony Pictures Entertainment Company, is a video entertainment network that distributes digital content, including original short-form series and full-length programming from Sony Pictures’s library of television series and feature films. Crackle covers a variety of genres, including comedy, action, sci-fi, horror, music, and reality.

c-spanvideo.org/videoLibrary

This digital collection from the Cable-Satellite Public Affairs Network (C-SPAN) has over 160,000 hours of broadcast footage available to watch online. It covers from 1987 to yesterday with a full transcript for each video. So whether you want to watch the latest government press release about Egypt, an author speaking on Book-TV, or congressional committee footage about Iran-Contra, this is the resource to try.

www.dvidshub.net

The Defense Video and Imagery Distribution System is a video and image repository connecting international, national, and local media with military personnel and services. Facets for search and refinement include, but are not limited to, when the video was uploaded, format, branch of military (Army, Navy, Marines, etc.), and unit (active, guard, or reserve), as well as geographical information, such as country and state.

www.ehow.com/videos.html

eHow offers an interesting variety of video how-tos and tutorials. Covering topics such as software, health and fitness, popular hobbies, and fashion, the content on this site is valuable to people interested in gaining a new or different perspective from others who share their interests.

www.eol.org

The Encyclopedia of Life is a large multimedia collection developed with institutional and content partners such as Harvard, the Smithsonian, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute, and many more.²⁰ It is an effort to gather and share scientific knowledge about all living things in a single online resource, through “a series of webpages—one for each of the approximately 1.8 million known species. Each species site is constantly evolving and features dynamically synthesized content ranging from historical literature and biological descriptions to quality images, videos, and distribution maps. After an initial search, searchers can filter by image or video, and from trusted or unreviewed sources. The EOL allows you to create an account so users can save videos and images to their collection.”²¹

The history of EOL and its initial funding are very interesting. Biologist E. O. Wilson announced a dream that someone would fund a project for a networked encyclopedia focused on our biosphere and based on the world’s knowledge of life. He did so during his March 2007 TED Prize speaking engagement at the TED Conference, a yearly forum where important, innovative, and luminary speakers are given the opportunity to ask for a dream prize.²² As I mentioned in Chapter 2, TED Talks are an excellent multimedia resource, and in this case, the dream of EOL began to come true when the cornerstone institutions and two foundations announced an initial $50 million grant to get the project started two months later. The grants were from the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation and the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, and the cornerstone institutions include the Biodiversity Heritage Library, the Field Museum of Natural History, Harvard University, the Missouri Botanical Garden, the Smithsonian Institution, and the Marine Biological Laboratory.²³ Each year, EOL develops Red Hot Lists as a call for content to further develop and update entries.

ethicsunwrapped.utexas.edu

Ethics Unwrapped offers three video series from the University of Texas–Austin and the McCombs School of Business on ethical behavior and business practices. It provides tutorials and definitions of key concepts, specific case studies, and teaching notes and exercises.

euscreen.eu/index.html

According to its website, “EUscreen offers free online access to videos, stills, texts and audio from European broadcasters and audiovisual archives. Explore selected content from early 1900s until today.”²⁴

www.eviada.org

EVIA stands for “Ethnographic Video for Instruction and Analysis.” The EVIA Digital Archive is a repository of video recordings aimed at supporting scholars in ethnographic disciplines. Tools for annotation, analysis, and sharing are built into the system’s infrastructure, and its primary mission is to preserve ethnographic field videos made by researchers. All users are asked to create an account, but there are no charges to access videos or researcher annotations. The content and tools are aimed at scholars and researchers, but it is also appropriate and useful for high school and higher education audiences.

archive.org/details/FedFlix

FedFlix is a library of public domain stock footage and government theater produced or preserved by the US federal government. The collection is available through the FedFlix YouTube One channel and the Internet Archive, so there is excellent functionality in sharing, downloading, and embedding the videos.

www.oucs.ox.ac.uk/ww1lit

The First World War Poetry Digital Archive is an online repository of over 7,000 items of text, images, audio, and video maintained by the University of Oxford. Videos can be downloaded in MP4 format.

www.folkstreams.net

Folkstreams describes itself as “a national preserve of documentary films about American roots cultures streamed with essays about the traditions and filmmaking. The site includes transcriptions, study and teaching guides, suggested readings, and links to related websites.”²⁵

www.library.yale.edu/testimonies

The Fortunoff Video Archive for Holocaust Testimonies provides a collection of over 4,400 videotaped interviews with witnesses and survivors. The archive is maintained at the Sterling Memorial Library in the department of Manuscripts and Archives at Yale University. Excerpts and clips are available on this site for streaming and download. It is an excellent resource of primary sources for scholars and educators on the Holocaust and the related aspects of World War II.

http://freemusicarchive.org

The Free Music Archive is a resource for free music, but the content still has copyright restrictions. Resources are given Creative Commons licenses, but the user rights and permissions vary based on the content creator. It is a resource for individuals, filmmakers, documentarians, and teachers using and creating video content.

www.globalonenessproject.org

The Global Oneness Project offers multiformatted stories to connect culture, ecology, and awareness. Language and translation tools are available for each video, as well as embed code and permalinks to content. Stories can be browsed by films or alternate text formats, and also by subject categories. There is also a Surprise Me! option for users who want to just explore the video content. Lesson plans and teacher toolkits are available for purchase, and some videos require additional licensing for public performance.

www.healthcentral.com/videos

Health Central is a consumer health news website accredited by Health on the Net, a nonprofit, nongovernment organization accredited to the Economic and Social Council of the United Nations that promotes useful and accurate health information online. Health Central videos can be shared, embedded, and linked to. Full transcripts of the videos are also available.

I recommend an extra eye towards the critical when it comes to health websites and videos. These are not a replacement for professional medical advice and are best used to supplement scholarly research and journal articles. Very often health websites feature sponsored content (often by pharmaceutical companies) and paid writers. The About Us and editorial pages are key in vetting these materials.

Health on the Net

www.hon.ch

www.history.com/media.do

Owned by A&E Television, the History Channel is a cable television station offering programming related to historical events and people. Much of its content is available online and is broad enough to be used for a wide range of audiences, including K–12.

http://videos.howstuffworks.com

HowStuffWorks, a subsidiary of Discovery Communications, is a video source of easy-to-understand explanations, geared to all audiences, of how the world actually works. The embedded player has a variety of tools for adjusting quality, sharing, and embedding.

www.isuma.tv

IsumaTV is a Canadian distribution channel specializing in Inuit and Indigenous films. The online network creates channels for cultural organizations and institutions, but also provides a platform and opportunity for analog films and videos to be digitized and distributed. Online videos can be shared via e-mail and social networking sites, but permalinks and embed codes are also available for each resource.

http://langmedia.fivecolleges.edu/culturetalk.html

LangMedia is provided by the Five College Center for the Study of World Languages. The Five Colleges is the higher education consortium in western Massachusetts that is comprised of Amherst College, Hampshire College, Mount Holyoke College, Smith College, and the University of Massachusetts Amherst. Multimedia resources can be browsed by location and language. The focus of the collection is on lesser-known languages and language learning in high school and higher education. Video file formats vary, and accompanying text documents are provided.

www.learnoutloud.com/Free-Audio-Video

According to its website, “LearnOutLoud.com is your one-stop destination for audio and video learning. Browse over 20,000 educational audio books, MP3 downloads, podcasts, and videos.”²⁶ There is an advanced search option, and the site is geared towards elementary and middle school teachers and students.

http://librivox.org

LibriVox volunteers record chapters of books in the public domain and release the audio files on the Net (see figure 3.3). Their goal is to make all public domain books available to a wide audience as free audiobooks through a totally volunteer, open-source, free, public domain content project. Advanced search and download options are available.

www.livingroomcandidate.org

The Living Room Candidate: Presidential Campaign Commercials 1952–2012 is an innovative online exhibition presenting more than 250 television commercials representing every presidential election year beginning in 1952, when the first campaign ads aired on television, and including ads from the most recent presidential campaign. Users can watch nearly four hours of TV commercials and explore the expanding world of web-based political advertising. The site includes a searchable database and features commentary, historical background, election results, and navigation organized by both year and theme. Transcripts, permalinks, and embed codes are available for each video, and users can set up accounts to create playlists.

www.msri.org/web/msri/online-videos

VMath is an online collection of videos by the Mathematical Sciences Research Institute (MSRI). In addition to recording the lectures at workshops, MSRI undertakes some special productions, usually with higher production values, for wider audiences. The first series of these productions is New Horizons in Undergraduate Mathematics. These videos will showcase lecturers speaking on topics from current research.

www.movietone.com/N_search.cfm

British Movietone, the London-based newsreel archive and television documentary production company, provides Movietone Nostalgia as a site for the general public. The site features 312 one-minute portraits of famous people, including show business personalities as well as many politicians, artists, and scientists. There are also portraits of places and lifestyles that were originally captured for posterity on 35mm black-and-white film and have since been converted to digital files.

www.nasa.gov/search/multimedia

The NASA Multimedia Search allows users to search among historical and present content of images, video, and interactive features.

https://marinelife.noaa.gov/media_lib/index.aspx

The National Marine Sanctuaries Media Library is “a comprehensive collection of select video clips and high-resolution still images from America’s underwater treasures.”²⁷ They are available for viewing and download. Users can search for images and videos, as well as by category (e.g., Fish), subcategory (e.g., Fish > Eels), and sanctuary location. All videos have in-depth metadata, usage rights summaries, and additional information when it is available. Videos are in .mov format, so QuickTime is necessary to view and download them. They are available for download with a use agreement by the user.

www.naric.com/?q=en/multimedia-collection-view

The National Rehabilitation Information Center (NARIC) Multimedia Collection is part of the library of the National Institute on Disability and Rehabilitation Research (NIDRR). The multimedia collection is just a small portion of the entire library, which includes text resources and publications as well. The videos are Flash-based with basic viewing functionality. The collection includes practical how-to videos for individuals at various stages of physical rehabilitation, such as beginning to use a wheelchair, to empower them for independent and safe living.

http://newsfilm.bufvc.ac.uk

NewsFilm Online includes over 3,000 hours of television news and cinema newsreels taken from the huge collection of the ITN/Reuters archive. The collection is to be made available online in high-quality format for teaching, learning and research. NewsFilm Online provides access to nearly 100 years of news, from the 1910s to the present day.

www.newslook.com/home

NewsLook licenses content from over 100 news distributors and content creators, including, but not limited to, the Associated Press, Reuters, and National Geographic.

www.newmusicusa.org

New Music USA is a resource for orchestral composers to share their music and video recordings of their performances.

www.nextvista.org

The Next Vista for Learning project is a free, online library of teacher- and student-made short videos for learners everywhere. Four-minute videos are provided on a variety of topics and lessons. Videos are screened for inappropriate or weak content. The site also provides tools to help educators and their students evaluate video material. All videos have permalinks and embed code, and some are available for download.

www.oyez.org

The Oyez Project is a multimedia archive dedicated to the US Supreme Court. It is maintained by the Illinois Institute of Technology Chicago–Kent College of Law. There is over 7,000 hours of recorded archival audio content from the 1968 term through the 2013 term. It features stories on current cases and individuals involved, and provides citation information for researchers from legal or social science fields.

www.prendismo.com

Aimed at higher education and the business field, Prendisimo contains over 16,000 two-minute video clips pertaining to business, entrepreneurship, and professional development. Subscription and license fees apply for download and full access, though some clips are available for free.

www.otr.com/index.shtml

Radio Days is a database and index of sound bites from radio shows from the 1940s through the 1960s. The mission of the site is to be both an educational tool and a historical reference for the various aspects of old-time radio, including drama, comedy, mystery, and news. Link-outs to original recordings of news items, as well as radio entertainment, are included. Formats, transcripts, and functionality vary depending on the sites.

http://scienceandfilm.org

In order to enhance the public’s knowledge of science and technology, the Sloan Science and Film website and the short films on it were created. Funded by the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, it includes video discussions and links to original articles about the depictions of scientists and engineers in film and television, as well as links to additional resources about the topics and science approached in the films themselves.

www.thesociologicalcinema.com

The Sociological Cinema has a great collection of videos organized by sociological theme and theory aimed at individuals teaching and learning in the sociological field. It is a blog started by three graduate students at the University of Maryland as a way for instructors and students to browse video clips based on sociological themes, theories, and issues. Video clips and accompanying summaries undergo a submission and review process. All entries are tagged with relevant categories and length. Functionality for sharing and embedding depends on the linked site hosting the video content.

http://resources.ushmm.org/film/search/index.php

According to its website, “This online catalog provides access to the US Holocaust Memorial Museum’s Steven Spielberg Film and Video Archive. The Archive serves as a comprehensive informational and archival resource worldwide for moving image materials pertaining to the Holocaust and related aspects of World War II. Staff continue to locate, acquire, preserve, and document archival film footage from sources throughout the United States and abroad. The collection can be searched by subject, title, source, copyright, keyword, language, location, event date, and genre.”²⁸ Videos are chapter-ized, and metadata includes event date, recording date, location, and original transcripts.

http://ed.ted.com

Built to create mashups, lesson plans, and quizzes around TED Talks, TEDEd allows users to create questionnaires around any YouTube video. Quizzes of up to fifteen questions can be developed for a variety of different answer forms, including multiple-choice and open answers. TEDEd lessons can be made public and shared with the wider TEDEd community (see figure 3.4). Lessons can also be kept private for use in a learning management system. All users must set up an account, but teachers can share a quiz with students, and all activities, answers, and feedback are recorded for assessment.

www.ubu.com

UbuWeb is a resource dedicated to creative writing and poetry. Founded in 1996, UbuWeb was initially created as a repository of vanguard visual, text, and sound poetry, but it has grown into a resource for progressive, obscure, and avant-garde art in all formats.²⁹ Videos are streamed in Adobe Flash, and embed code is not available, though the videos can be shared via their weblinks. UbuWeb is run by volunteers with some technical and strategic partners. On UbuWeb’s FAQ page, they reveal that their only cost is a $50 hosting fee for the site.³⁰ Producers of the content on the site range from the famous to the obscure. Poets like Charles Bukowski, Samuel Beckett, Bertolt Brecht, Maya Deren, and John Cage are featured prominently, but the site is also a showcase for lesser-known works and artists.

UbuWeb works with content directly from donors, items in the public domain, and items that are out of print. UbuWeb is a huge proponent of open access, fair use, and access as preservation. While it has dealt with copyright infringement issues, it is making available content that is not currently available for sale, online, or in a digitized format.³¹ No content from the site is for sale, and the site does not allow advertisements. The site is aimed at high school and higher education audiences.

http://untreaty.un.org/cod/avl/intro.html

The Audiovisual Library of International Law is a unique multimedia resource that gives the United Nations the unprecedented capacity to provide high-quality international law training and research materials to an unlimited number of recipients on a global level. The library’s Historic Archives contains documents and audiovisual materials relating to the negotiation and adoption of significant legal instruments adopted by the United Nations since 1945. The Lecture Series features lectures given by international legal scholars and leaders on many subjects of international law and country-specific legal systems. Biographies of speakers, transcripts, and supplemental material are provided. Videos are given permalinks, and there are multilanguage voice-over options.

Film and Television Archive: Preserved Silent Animation Collection

http://animation.library.ucla.edu

The Preserved Silent Animation collection contains examples of silent animation from 1900 to 1928, digitized and preserved by University of California Los Angeles. These films are available for viewing silently, with music, or with historian or preservationist commentary and are available to download.

www.usa.gov/Topics/Reference-Shelf/Libraries/

Podcasts.shtml

Available through USA.gov, the US Government Podcast Directory provides a listing and index of all podcasts and vodcasts created by the US federal government. It is browsable by topic.

www.nlm.nih.gov/hmd/ihm

The images from the History of Medicine collection include over 70,000 images chronicling the history of medicine from the fifteenth to the twenty-first century. Each image is downloadable, and a large amount of metadata and information on known provenance is provided. Searches can be refined by the facets What, Where, and Who, but there doesn’t seem to be a facet for original date.

http://voca.arizona.edu

Voca, the audio video library of the University of Arizona Poetry Center, includes forty years of audiovisual recordings, including digitized and born-digital content. There is an advanced search option, as well as options for browsing by author or reader, readings, subject categories, and title.

www.watchknowlearn.org

Managed by the Community Foundation of Northwest Mississippi, Watch, Know, and Learn has over 50,000 educational videos organized into 5,000 categories, including common core curriculum standards, grade level, subject, and events of the K–12 community. Videos are hosted on other sites, such as YouTube and TeacherTube, but are submitted by the user population and reviewed by Watch, Know, and Learn editorial staff.

www.whosampled.com

WhoSampled is a detailed database of samples, cover songs, and remixes made by musical artists and covering over 1,000 years of musical history. WhoSampled provides side-by-side comparisons of songs sampled and musical connections produced by linking to YouTube, but also link-outs to music distribution services like iTunes, Amazon, and eBay. Any user can submit content, but a team of volunteer moderators verifies the details before allowing the content into the database.³²

http://chandra.harvard.edu/resources/illustrations.html

NASA’s Chandra X-Ray Observatory is a telescope specially designed to detect X-ray emission from very hot regions of the universe, such as exploded stars, clusters of galaxies, and matter around black holes. Animations and videos are either Quick Time, Real Player, or MPEG movies. Chandra Podcasts lists additional movies and formats.

Chandra: Podcasts

http://chandra.harvard.edu/resources/podcasts

www.yovisto.com

Yovisto, an academic and educational video search engine (see figure 3.5), can be browsed by topic, speaker, and university. Very detailed metadata about each video is available. Time codes allow for clip navigation and search. All videos have embed code and permalinks.

www.zsl.org/video

The ZSL video page offers a series of videos from the Zoological Society of London and Whipsnade Zoo. Many videos are taken at night and look behind the scenes with zoo staff. Functionality and search are limited, but the collection is aimed at all ages and levels of audiences interested in learning more about animals and how zoos function.